Whatever the age of your child, it is important to know if they are growing as they should be. If your child’s growth rate is not within the expected range, it could be a sign of an underlying growth condition.
Much shorter than peers or classmates
Mistaken for being much younger
Wears out clothes before outgrowing them
Teased about height by other children
Learning development
Heart health
Eyesight
Hearing
Respiratory health
Bone health
Kidney development
Immune system
Body composition
Growth disorders and what can cause them
What is a growth disorder?
Growth disorders are a type of condition that can affect a person’s height, weight and sometimes, sexual development1. There are many different types of growth disorders, caused by different factors most of which result in poor growth and other medical issues. If growth disorders are left untreated, it can lead to further health problems later in life2,3.
Growth is a complex biological phenomenon and is influenced by genes, nutrition, environment, health, hormones and growth factors (proteins that stimulate cellular growth). It is a vital part of a child’s development and an indicator of their wellbeing.
If you have noticed your child is not growing properly, there may be an underlying condition that is causing it2 .
What is growth hormone and why is it important?
Growth hormone is a chemical messenger released from a part of the brain known as the pituitary gland. The purpose of growth hormone is not just to help children become taller, it sends messages to almost every part of the body telling it to grow and function. This includes, muscles, bone, heart and brain – affecting cardiac function, mental agility and even ageing. If growth levels are too low, this can lead to reduced growth along with a number of health problems4.
Why do some people have growth disorders?
Growth is complex, and sometimes the processes affecting growth do not work as expected. For example, genetic factors can affect the part of the brain which releases growth hormone – the pituitary gland. In addition, different hormones may not have been available to the foetus while developing in the womb5,6. Learn more about specific disorders.
How are growth disorders treated?
Treatments associated with different types of growth disorder can vary, ranging from medical to psychological, and may often be a combination.
Medical treatments
Growth hormone can be given to help replace the growth hormone that is low or missing within the body7. This is generally taken as a subcutaneous injection to help to stimulate growth along with other effects. It can be taken by both adults and children8.
Treating the other aspects of the disorder
Sometimes growth disorders will need multiple treatments. For example, people living with Turner syndrome may need growth hormone, as well as other hormones to help prevent further health problems9.
Psychological treatments
Living with a growth disorder has an affect on not only physical health, but mental health too. Children and carers may need help from a mental health professional in order to deal with any social or emotional difficulties they may be facing. In addition, some growth conditions can cause neurological disturbances and so additional behavioural or psychological help may be needed10,11.
Physiotherapy
People with growth disorders can sometimes suffer from reduced muscle strength and low bone density. Physiotherapists can help to increase muscle strength and movement, while helping reduce any pain12.
Exercise
Some growth disorders, such as Turner syndrome, can result in low bone mineral density. Along with appropriate medical treatments, regular physical exercise is vital to help maintain normal levels of bone mineral density9.
Nutritionist / dietitian:
Certain growth disorders, such as Prader-Willi Syndrome, can unfortunately lead to weight gain and even obesity. In these situations, it may be beneficial to seek the advice of an accredited nutritionist or dietitian12.
Calculate your child’s growth
It is important to keep track of your child’s growth in order to identify if there is a problem early on. We recommend measuring your child every 6 months, which is now easier with our simple to use growth calculator.
References:
1 Nature Research. https://www.nature.com/subjects/growth-disorders.
2 Haymond M et al. Acta Pædiatrica 2013;102:787–796.
3 Ciresi A et al. Front Endocrinol 2018;9:321.
4 Moller N et al. Endocr Rev 2009;30:152–177.
5 Kelberman D et al. Endocr Rev 2009;30:790–829.
6 Finken MJJ et al. Endocr Rev 2018;39:851–894.
7 GH Research Society. Consensus Guidelines for the Diagnosis and Treatment of Growth Hormone (GH) Deficiency in Childhood and Adolescence: Summary Statement of the GH Research Society. JCE & M 2000;85(11).
8 National Organization for Rare Disorders. rarediseases.org/rare-diseases/growth-hormone-deficiency/.
9 de Marqui ABT. Rev Paul Pediatr 2015;33(3):363–370.
10 Tanaka T et al. Growth Horm IGF Res 2002;12:323–341.
11 Goldstone AP et al. J Clin Endocrinol Metab 2008;93:4183–4197.
12 Şıklar Z et al. J Clin Res Pediatr Endocrinol 2014;6(1):18.